Public Speaking A. free essay sample

Adapt information to listeners 4. Organizing my ideas 5. Persuading others 6. Holding listener’s attention II. History of public speaking A. Models theorists made to explain the communication process 1. Source a. Which is the speaker 2. Message a. Which is the speech the speaker is giving 3. Channels a. Visual b. Auditory 4. Receiver a. Which is the audience 5. Noise a. This is anything that interferes with the message. III. Understanding your anxiety A. A trait 1. Some people inherit a tendency to feel anxious about speaking in public. B. A state 1. Anxiety rises by just knowing you have to give a speech in front of an audience. IV. Building your confidence A. Know your audience 1. The more you know about your audience, the better you will know their reaction to your speech. B. Don’t procrastinate . Leave plenty of time to do your research for your speech so you can be successful. C. Select an appropriate topic 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking A. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pick a topic you are familiar with and that you and your audience will have in common. D. Prepare for your speech 1. Do the research and practice your speech before you deliver it. E. Be organized 1. Have a beginning, middle and end to your speech. F. Know your introduction and conclusion 1. This will help you feel more comfortable during your speech. G. Breathe 1. Take a few deep breaths before starting your speech. This will help relax your body. H. Use your nerves to your advantage 1. Take a walk before you arrive to your function 2. Squeeze the chair you are sitting in prior to your speech. This releases your tension. I. Visualize your success 1. Imagine yourself walking up to the podium confident and succeeding through your speech. J. Give yourself a pep talk 1. This can help by boosting your confidence and helps take your mind off your nerves.

Glass essays

Glass essays Glass is a material that is used in our homes, workplaces, and forms of transportation. It is most commonly seen in the form of windows, which protects us against the elements without obstructing our vision. In our vehicles, we use it to see places that we would normally have to turn around to see. In eyeglasses and contact lenses it allows us to see better. It conducts heat easily, but does not conduct electricity at all. It is also used for decoration such as vases, clocks, mirrors, and even stained glass. Glass is commonly referred to as a highly viscous liquid. It is not a solid because its molecules arent in a crystalline pattern. Instead, the particles are arranged as if it were a liquid, but frozen in place. It can be transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is non-porous, non-absorptive, and can be used with the common elements and many harsh chemicals and liquids. It is one of the best electrical insulation materials, and because it is made of silica or contains it, it is considered a ceramic. It is also considered a thermoplastic in some cases because it can melt when heated and reform when cooled over again. First appearing in nature, glass existed before man discovered it. A common natural glass is obsidian, the molten glass from volcanoes. Obsidian is composed of three ingredients; sand, soda, and lime. The same ingredients in different amounts also make up manufactured glass. About fifty other chemical elements are used in modern glassmaking to give it desired properties. Glass is an open chain of silicon atoms with atoms of various oxides occupying the spaces between. The loose structure is what permits its transparent property. Today, the average batch mix used to manufacture flat glass products is about seventy percent silica sand, thirteen percent lime, twelve percent soda, and small amounts of other additives. One quarter of the batch is cleaned and crushed glass from ...

Application Of The Behaviourist Perspective Psychology Essay

Application Of The Behaviourist Perspective Psychology Essay Operant conditioning is a process of learning, it was found by Burrhus Frederic Skinner BF Skinner. Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner Box. He innovated his own philosophy of science called radical behaviorism, and founded his own school of experimental research psychology – the experimental analysis of behavior. His analysis of human behavior culminated in his work Verbal Behavior, which has recently seen enormous increase in interest experimentally and in applied settings. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which an individual’s behavior is modified by its consequences; the behavior may change in form, frequency, or strength. Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning in that operant conditioning deals with the modification of voluntary behavior or operant behavior. Operant behavior operates on the environment and is maintained by its consequences. Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian condi tioning or respondent conditioning) is a form of learning in which the conditioned stimulus (CS), comes to signal the occurrence of a second stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US). (A stimulus is a factor that causes a response in an organism.) The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. The US is usually a biologically significant stimulus such as food or pain that elicits a response from the start; this is called the unconditioned response (UR). The CS usually produces no particular response at first, but after conditioning it elicits the conditioned response (CR). Classical conditioning differs from operant or instrumental conditioning, in which behavior emitted by the subject is strengthened or weakened by its consequences (reward or punishment). This perspective is most useful in explaining our different ‘Learned’ behaviours. It lets us look at a specific behaviour and see where we got it from and how we got it. Changing behaviour is where we change our behaviour sometimes because of maybe a fear or phobia. Classical conditioning is used for explaining these but it is also good for helping us change these behaviours. There is a method to change phobic behaviour, this is called ‘Systematic Desensitisation’. You would put together a list of things that relate to the fear, and relax to the point where you are comfortable enough to look at the thing without being scared. Then you would move up to the next level of it. For example, if you were afraid of spiders, you would get comfortable with seeing a picture of a spider, then the next level would be having a spider in the room with you but in a cage, and this could progress up to you being able to hold the spider. This is called a ‘Hierarchy Of Fear’. Classical conditioning has also been used to treat other things like alcoholism, they are given a drug, when that drug is mixed with alcohol it causes them to feel sick and be sic k. They then associate alcohol with sick and unpleasantness. Application of the Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory suggests that many things can influence our behaviour. This could be things like; Peers, Siblings, Parents, Television, Sports, Personalities and celebrities. If we see someone we admire behaving in a certain way, we are more likely to imitate them. Albert Bandura is a famous Psychologist at Stanford University. For almost six decades, he has been responsible for contributions to many fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy and personality psychology, and was also influential in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theory of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment. He felt that learning did not have to be conditioned or reinforced all the time. New behaviour could be could be learnt by observing others. Observational Theory refers to learning of a new behaviour through watching someone else perform the behaviour. This behaviour can be learnt but does not have to be reproduced unless the individual is motivated to perform the new behaviour. Role Theory suggests that because we live in a certain culture, come from a certain religion or are friends with certain types of groups, we adopt certain roles as we are expected to live up to certain expectations. It also suggests we change our roles to suit our environment. Bandura also thinks that our behaviour is influenced by the presence of others.

Social Media Usage, Over-Usage and Addictive Patterns Essay

Social Media Usage, Over-Usage and Addictive Patterns - Essay Example The study revealed that majority of the students use social networking websites in colleges and universities. Facebook was found to be the most commonly used social website among students. The study also revealed some main positive and negative aspects of using social media for long hours. In the end of the report, the researcher also gave some recommendations to overcome the negative consequences of using social networking websites. Table of Contents Contents Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 2 3. Methodology 3 3.1 Research Method 3 3.2 Data Gathering Instruments 4 3.3 Tool for Data Analysis 4 4. Findings and Interpretation 4 5. Conclusion 9 5. Recommendations 9 Social Media Usage, Over-Usage, and Addictive Patterns 1. Introduction Social media has influenced the life of almost every person in today’s world. There are many types of social media which help people communicate with each other and develop personal and business relationships. Some of the main types o f those media include emails, Skype chat, and social networking websites, such as, Facebook, Twitter, and Orkut. Among all of these types of media, social networking websites have played the most dynamic and influencing role in the lives of people no matter what field of life they belong to. The impact of using these websites and other forms of social media is both positive and negative on people depending on the usage of these media and the level of addiction. Facebook is none of such social networking platforms, which I being heavily used by the people of all age groups. According to Myers (2010, p. 1), â€Å"Facebook is a social networking website intended to connect friends, family, and business associates†. Although this website and other social networking media provide many benefits to people, such as, developing kinship and other relationships, information sharing, entertainment, social interaction with people from different societies, and facility to find old friends, but there are also some harms associated with the heavy use of these media. Some of those harms or negative effects include development of unhealthy relationships, wastage of time, and threat to private security. In this paper, I will discuss the positive and negative effects of making heavy use of social networking media. I will base my judgments on the findings from the sample on which I will conduct the research. I will also give some recommendations to escape from negative consequences of social media. 2. Literature Review Computer mediated communication enhances interpersonal communication (Walther 1996). Social networking media helps people in forming imagined communities and networks, as well as long-lasting relationships. Although all social media play some role in the lives of people, but social networking websites hold the maximum share. Facebook is one of the main examples of such media which has intruded itself in the home and office of almost every person. Alba and Sta y (2008, p. 24) state, â€Å"Facebook is a networking platform†. It is a fact that Facebook has made people less individualistic (Miller, 2011, p. 190). People can form communities with no boundaries and geographical limitations. Facebook enables interaction between people from different backgrounds, cultures, and countries. â€Å"The site makes chatter faster and more public -- two aspects that may have an impact on

Language development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Language development - Essay Example Language development in a child is more than just learning to say " dada", "baba", or mama". They have to develop the ability to listen, understand and speak to others. This site explains the different stages in toddlers first years to the subsequent years. Language development involves good vision and auditory skills. . The technique involved in taking a more active role in the child's language development is by talking more often to the child about everyday activities like brushing teeth, drinking milk, etc. keeping eye contact and speaking clearly to a child with a comfortable distance. Stressing on syllables is important and listening to what the child says. If a child has problem in pronouncing some words instead of pointing mistakes repeat the words and sentences. Reading is another technique to improve language development in a child. Eventually it helps a child in writing as well. This site also explains the activities that can help language development in a child like singing songs, making faces, picture books, nursery rhymes, matching games etc.It also explains the importance of cognitive, social, and emotional development. . Language via the Internet: Language development is the task of preparing a language to serve as a tool of literacy and education. Any natural language is already a suitable tool for oral communication. The prophets of doom emerge every time a new technology influences language. It happened in the 15 the century when printing was introduced, then again when the telephone was introduced in 19 th century, and when broadcasting came in the 20 th century: and they gathered again when Internet writing broke several of and spelling, says Crystal. Internet is allowing us to explore... The human languages are known as natural language, artificial languages , constructed languages (individual groups have constructed for practical, experimental, personal or ideological reasons), formal languages, and the programming languages.Language development is the task of preparing a language to serve as a tool of literacy and education. Any natural language is already a suitable tool for oral communication. The prophets of doom emerge every time a new technology influences language. It happened in the 15 the century when printing was introduced, then again when the telephone was introduced in 19 th century, and when broadcasting came in the 20 th century: and they gathered again when Internet writing broke several of and spelling, says Crystal. Internet is allowing us to explore once more. Crystall concludes that a surprisingly small number of new words have been spawned while texting, blogging and other forms have given radical opportunities to develop new stylistic rules. He believes that the new forms of interaction seen in the Internet are far more important than changes in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. Finally, as the internet becomes more linguistically varied, it also extends a hand to minority languages and it speakers. It helps speakers of minority language to maintain virtual contact through email, chat and instant messaging environments. The recent technologies like email and text messaging will transform language in a way that certain words might become obsolete.

How to respond to complaints Essay Example for Free

How to respond to complaints Essay Always follow the settings procedure policy when dealing with complaints. Complaints may be telephoned in, emailed or in person and there will be a different protocol and timescale to follow. When dealing with a complaint face to face keep calm and listen. The person complaining may be angry and I need to stay calm ensure they can see I’m listening and never raise my voice and avoid it escalating. If the discussion is infront of others try to move it somewhere that is more confidential, trying to move the discussion may also help if the person is very angry or upset. Gives them a couple of minutes to calm down while you re-locate. Always show that you’re listening and giving them your whole attention, never look dismissive. Reflect back on what they’ve said repeating back key points so they can hear you’ve understood and listened to what they’ve said. It also helps highlight if I’ve misunderstood a point so they can correct me. Always apologise if I am in in the wrong, misunderstood or forgotten an instruction. Explain what actions I can take to correct the situation. For example a parent asked me to not give their child any sweet foods. Another child had brought in a cake for their birthday and I had forgot to write the parents wish on the board, leading to the child eating some cake. I could apologise, admit fault and ensure the parent that the notice would instantly be placed on the appropriate board. The next day when they dropped the child off I could have a private talk with the parent/carer and show that it is now on the board and I did follow up and correct the mistake. In some cases an explanation or apology will not resolve the situation. Discuss a compromise that suits everybody to bring out a win/win solution. The main thing when dealing with complaints is to stay calm, listen and to be tactful, don’t make any personal comments that may cause the situation to escalate. Choose my words wisely and think before I speak.

Hostage Negotiation Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostage and barricade incidents are amongst the most difficult, emotional, and sometimes potentially lethal situations that a negotiator can be involved in. Often, the hostage taker shows signs of mental illness, drug or alcohol intoxication, or personal disputes accompanied by a high level of emotion. (Feldmann) These contributing factors lead to impulsive and often unpredictable behavior on the part of the hostage taker. It is sometimes impossible for negotiators to anticipate possible outcomes and complications that could arise from these incidents. Negotiators use a wide variety of tools, information, and strategies to try and resolve whatever grievances and demands the perpetrator is exhibiting. The main focus on the part of the negotiator is to keep the hostage alive, then try to negotiate a surrender. There is a considerable risk to both the victims and law enforcement when dealing with a hostage situation. (Feldmann) This paper will ide ntify and distinguish several high risk factors that negotiators and law enforcement use to extinguish potentially lethal situations. The presence or absence of these factors can influence the outcome of a situation for the better or for the worst. Second, this paper will identify several motivations for hostage taking. Why and what would prompt an individual to take hostages? Several influential and background reasons will be examined. Finally, some successful and also failed negotiations will be explored, with possible reasons and explanations to what factors made them either a success or a failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostage negotiation is as much of an art as it is a science. The negotiator not only holds the lives of the victims in his hands, but the lives of law enforcement and the hostage taker as well. His persuasiveness and communication abilities have the power to protect and save lives. The Hostage Taker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most common reasons for a hostage taking situation is desperation. The hostage taker feels desperate because of either what he has done or what he is doing. (DeFao) Taking a hostage is a split second decision usually made out of desperation. (DeFao) A person who is in the process of committing a crime, for instance a bank robber who has been surrounded or confron... ...he presence of high-risk factors, consider all other intelligence available, and combine this information with the assessments made by both the negotiation and tactical teams. This combined information will assist in differentiating between a genuine hostage situation, and a pseudo-hostage situation. The success or failure of the situation ultimately lies in the persuasive and communication abilities of the negotiator. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feldmann, Theodore : Hostage Negotiation Research. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences: University of Louisvillle school of Medicine: Jan.15, 2001 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WWW. hostagenegotiationtraining.com 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry: Psychiatric consultation to police hostage negotiation teams: Volume 19, 1998, p.27-44 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VanZandt, Clinton : Hostage/Barricade Situations: Special operations Unit Training Manual: FBI Academy 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DeFao, Janine: Hostage crisis calls for an artists touch: Sacramento Bee: Sunday, March 5, 1995: 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WWW. rcmp-learning.org/docs/ecdd1216.htm